SnapShot: Ras Signaling

RAS isoforms and mutations in cancer at a glance.

RAS proteins (KRAS4A, KRAS4B, NRAS and HRAS) function as GDP-GTP-regulated binary on-off switches, which regulate cytoplasmic signaling networks that control diverse normal cellular processes. Gain-of-function missense mutations in RAS genes are found in ∼25% of human cancers, prompting interest in identifying anti-RAS therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. However, despite more than thre...

SNaPshot and StripAssay as valuable alternatives to direct sequencing for KRAS mutation detection in colon cancer routine diagnostics.

Although direct sequencing is the gold standard for KRAS mutation detection in routine diagnostics, it remains laborious, time consuming, and not very sensitive. Our objective was to evaluate SNaPshot and the KRAS StripAssay as alternatives to sequencing for KRAS mutation detection in daily practice. KRAS exon 2-specific PCR followed by sequencing or by a SNaPshot reaction was performed. For th...

SnapShot: NF-κB Signaling Pathways

Phosphoproteomics Identifies Oncogenic Ras Signaling Targets and Their Involvement in Lung Adenocarcinomas

BACKGROUND Ras is frequently mutated in a variety of human cancers, including lung cancer, leading to constitutive activation of MAPK signaling. Despite decades of research focused on the Ras oncogene, Ras-targeted phosphorylation events and signaling pathways have not been described on a proteome-wide scale. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS By functional phosphoproteomics, we studied the molec...

Oncogenic and wild-type Ras play divergent roles in the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling.

UNLABELLED H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras regulate cellular growth and survival and are often activated by somatic mutation in human tumors. Although oncogenic lesions occur in a single Ras isoform within individual tumors, it is unclear whether the remaining wild-type isoforms play supporting roles in tumor growth. Here, we show that oncogenic and wild-type Ras isoforms play independent and nonredund...